A-Z Real Estate & Proptech Terminology & Concepts

Jan 5, 2026 | Data Domain

We’re defining key property technology terms and exploring key concepts as trends evolve, user demands shift and rapid digitisation drives innovation to shape the future of the industry.

These terms are defined in the context of Australian real estate. We’ll explore how these terms are interlinked, while highlighting the key differences that set them apart.

Table of Contents

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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

ANZSIC (Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification)

ANZIC is a system used to categorise businesses based on their main activities. Essentially, it groups businesses conducting similar activities into industries if it meets the criteria for economic significance. This categorisation helps governments, researchers, and businesses compare economic data across industries.

For the real estate industry, tenancy information along with ANZSIC classifications can provide key insights into commercial real estate market trends, sector performance and economic analysis—essential for investors, developers and analysts to inform strategic property and investment decisions.

B

Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital process that creates and maintains a comprehensive 3D representation of a building or infrastructure, integrating both physical and functional characteristics.

It’s used throughout a building’s lifecycle, from design to construction, operation, and maintenance, helping to track assets, monitor performance, and support long-term sustainability efforts.

As technology continues to evolve, BIM is becoming a key tool in smart buildings, PropTech innovations and digital twin technologies.

C

Comparative Market Analysis (CMA)

Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) is a method used to determine a property’s value by comparing it to similar properties that have recently sold in the same area. It considers factors such as location, size, condition and market trends to estimate a competitive price.

CMA is an important tool to reduce guesswork in property transactions and ensures decisions are guided by real estate market data rather than speculation.

D

Digital Twin

A Digital Twin is a virtual replica of a physical property, system, or process, placed within a digital version of its environment.

In real estate, it simulates properties and their performance, using various data points including real-time data from IoT devices, sensors and other building systems.

Examples of how Digital Twins can be used in real estate include:

  • Remote Monitoring: Track HVAC, lighting, and security systems in real time to improve efficiency.
  • Predictive Maintenance: Identify and fix potential issues before they become costly problems.
  • Urban Planning & Development: Simulate new communities and developments, energy use, space efficiency, and sustainability strategies.

Bringing Digital Twins to Life with Archistar’s Snaploader

A great example of this technology is Archistar’s Snaploader Digital Twin, which creates hyper-realistic 3D models of properties. It enables developers, agents and buyers to visualise floor plans, lighting, and structural details to improve planning and marketing.

How to Implement a Digital Twin

To create a Digital Twin, work with tech providers like Archistar, Siemens, PropTech platforms such as Willow, Matterport, or Archistar and IoT specialists like Honeywell. You’ll need:

  • A 3D model of the property (from Matterport or Archistar).
  • IoT sensors to collect live building data.
  • Integration with building management systems for real-time insights.

By bridging the physical and digital worlds, Digital Twins are redefining traditional property management, reducing costs and making buildings smarter and more sustainable.

E

ESG Data

ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) data in real estate refers to the collection and analysis of factors that measure a property’s sustainability, ethical impact, and governance standards. It is increasingly used by property stakeholders to assess risk, compliance, and long-term value.

How is ESG data used in real estate?

  • Environmental: Tracks energy efficiency, carbon footprint, and sustainable building practices.
  • Social: Evaluates tenant well-being, community impact, and accessibility.
  • Governance: Assesses transparency, regulatory compliance, and ethical business practices.

With growing regulations and investor demand for sustainable real estate, initiatives like Every Building Counts are driving industry-wide action. This movement highlights the urgent need for high-quality ESG data to decarbonise the built environment and future-proof property investments.

As the push for sustainability accelerates, having reliable ESG data is critical for property valuation, risk assessment and long-term investment strategies.

F

Fair Market Value (FMV) in Property Data

FMV is the estimated price that a property would sell for under normal market conditions, where both the buyer and seller have reasonable knowledge of the property and are acting without pressure.

 

How is FMV determined?

  • Automated Valuation Models (AVMs) are AI-driven tools which analyse historical sales, market trends, and comparable properties to estimate FMV.
  • Comparative Market Analysis (CMA) where real estate professionals compare recent sales of similar properties in the area.
  • Big Data & Predictive Analytics uses location trends, buyer demand, and economic indicators to refine property value estimates.

Why FMV is important

  • For buyers & sellers , FMV ensures properties are priced fairly in the market.
  • For investors, FMV helps determine potential returns and assess risk.
  • For lenders & insurers, FMV provides accurate property valuations for loans and policies.

G

Geohash

Geohash encodes geographic locations into short strings of letters and numbers. It is a clever system for pinpointing places and analysing spatial data with precision and speed.

How is Geohash used in real estate?

  • Quickly assess zoning laws and land use patterns
  • Identify property clusters for market demand analysis
  • Enable proximity searches for better real estate discovery
  • Boost urban planning and investment strategies

Geohash has long been a reliable tool for organising searching, and analysing property data. Its ability to simplify complex geospatial information makes it invaluable for real estate applications, from proximity searches to market demand analysis.

By providing an efficient way to handle location-based data, Geohash remains a foundational element for property professionals looking to make informed, data-driven decisions.

Read our blog What is Geohash

H

Housing Affordability Index

The Housing Affordability Index (HAI) measures whether a typical household can afford a mortgage on a median-priced home. In Australia, this critical metric is decentralised, with multiple organisations providing unique insights:

Why HAI is important

  • Tracks market trends and economic accessibility.
  • Guides governments and developers on affordable housing strategies.
  • Aids investors in understanding demand dynamics.

Australian examples of HAI and Housing Affordability Reports

While Australia lacks a standardised national HAI, these resources offer valuable perspectives for developers, policymakers, and investors tackling housing challenges.

  • Housing Industry Association (HIA): State-by-state affordability reports on pricing trends and financial indicators.
  • Demographia: Global affordability comparisons with Australian cities included.
  • Cotality & Domain: Analysis of mortgage serviceability and income ratios.
  • Grattan Institute & AIHW: Broader economic and policy-focused insights.

Read our blog Understanding Housing Affordability: Key Metrics and Statistics

I

Intelligent Building Systems

Intelligent Building Systems use Internet of Things (IoT), automation and artificial intelligence (AI) to analyse and optimise operations such as heating, lighting, security and energy management.

These systems can help reduce costs, enhance tenant experience and support sustainability goals, offering many modern real estate benefits:

  • Energy efficiency, reducing consumption and operational costs.
  • Tenant satisfaction, creating personalised environments for comfort and convenience.
  • Enhanced security, with integrated surveillance and smart access controls.
  • Sustainability, to minimise waste and align with ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) goals.
  • Remote management, which enables predictive maintenance and centralised control across multiple properties.

Some examples of Intelligent Building Systems

J

Joint Tenants

Joint tenants hold equal shares in an asset, with a right of survivorship, meaning ownership automatically passes to the surviving tenant(s) if one passes away, bypassing the deceased’s estate.

Did you know?

For capital gains tax purposes, the deceased’s share is treated as passing equally to surviving tenants. If the property was their main residence, the surviving tenants may qualify for the main residence exemption on the acquired interest.

Source: Co-ownership and right of survivorship

For a view into how property ownership is evolving with innovative property ownership models offering new ways for buyers and investors to get a foot on the property ladder, read our blog on the evolving landscape of home ownership.

K

Knowledge Graphs

A knowledge graph is a data structure that connects related data points such as ownership, zoning, transactions, demographics, and infrastructure, through nodes (entities) and edges (relationships).

Unlike isolated tables, it creates a web of linked data, allowing systems to understand both information and its context.

For example, a property listing can link to its owner, planning zone, nearby schools, recent sales, and infrastructure projects to enable richer insights and smarter queries.

Benefits include:

  • Smarter search & recommendations which improves property search results by matching user intent, not just keywords.
  • Market intelligence to reveal trends and opportunities by connecting diverse datasets.
  • Reduce risk management when ownership conflicts, compliance issues, and red flags are identified.
  • Knowledge graphs give AI the context it needs to move beyond basic analysis. AI & predictive tools provides context for more accurate forecasting and trend prediction.

Knowledge graphs can connect fragmented property data into for deeper, actionable insights.

Knowledge graphs are increasingly used in PropTech to bring together fragmented property data for deeper analysis and better decision-making.

Technologies such as Neo4j, a widely used graph database, support the development of knowledge graphs and are highly effective in managing complex, connected data.

L

Location Intelligence

Location Intelligence integrates property, geospatial, and socio-economic data to reveal how place influences property performance, demand, and investment value. By analysing factors such as proximity to amenities and points of interest, infrastructure growth, demographics, and historic price trends, it transforms complex spatial data into actionable insights through Geographic Information System (GIS) tools, heat maps and predictive models.

Location intelligence can enable:

  • Smarter investments by identifying emerging growth areas.
  • Better site selection through feasibility analysis and planning alignment.
  • Personalised property search based on preferences, lifestyle and accessibility.
  • Data-informed urban planning for more sustainable, people-centric cities.

Location intelligence is becoming essential for making place-based decisions that are precise, predictive and strategically grounded in data.

M

Median House Price

The Median House Price is the middle value in a list of recent property sales, meaning half the properties sold for more and half for less. Unlike averages, it isn’t skewed by very high or low outliers.

How to calculate the median

Recent sales are ordered from lowest to highest. The sale price that falls exactly in the middle becomes the median. It’s commonly tracked at suburb, city, or national levels and updated monthly or quarterly.

This simple but useful metric can be used to understand affordability in a specific area, identify growth trends and market cycles or gauge housing demand and economic health.

How is this metric used in proptech?

  • Platforms can use median pricing to surface market comparisons and heat maps.
  • Integrating it into property investment calculators and portfolio analysis tools.
  • May help users set realistic price expectations when browsing properties online.
  • Combined with historical data, it can provide a visualisation of growth, stability or decline in specific areas.

Strengths and limitations

While the Median house price is a powerful tool for tracking affordability and identifying general market trends without distortion from outliers, it does have its limitations.

  •  Median house price is not reflective of full price distribution. The median only provides information about the middle value; it doesn’t capture the full range of market prices. This can be misleading in markets where the distribution of property prices is uneven.
  • Limited property insights can be gained. The median price doesn’t account for differences in property size, age, location or quality, which can be highly variable.
  • Median house price doesn’t provide context on price movements. While the median is useful for understanding current prices, it doesn’t tell the full story of price changes over time.
  • Doesn’t offer geographic and temporal variability. Using the median for broad markets (e.g., city or national levels) might miss nuances at more localised levels, where median prices could be influenced by a specific development project, a change in local policy or a temporary anomaly like a market boom in a suburb.

For the clearest market insights, median prices are best used alongside other data points like average prices, price per square metre and detailed property characteristics.

The Median House Price remains a key indicator in understanding where the market is headed — but like any single metric, it’s most powerful when viewed in context.

N

Negative Gearing

Negative gearing is a property investment strategy used when the costs of owning an investment property—such as loan interest, maintenance, and other expenses—exceed the rental income it earns.
The resulting loss can then be offset against the investor’s taxable income, reducing their overall tax bill.

Source: Negative Gearing | Treasury.gov.au

How negative gearing works

When a property is negatively geared:

  • Rental income is less than total ownership costs.
  • The shortfall (loss) can be used to lower the investor’s taxable income, improving short-term cash flow.
  • The goal is long-term capital growth that outweighs those short-term losses.

How is negative gearing relevant to proptech & real estate data?

  • Financial Modelling Tools – PropTech platforms and investment calculators allow users to model negative gearing scenarios and forecast long-term outcomes.
  • Tax Reporting Integrations – Digital platforms can track expenses, income, and depreciation to simplify end-of-year reporting.
  • Portfolio Strategy – Helps investors diversify and optimise returns with the support of data-driven insights into capital growth areas.
  • Market Impact – Negative gearing can influence buyer behaviour, especially in metro markets with high growth potential but lower yields.

While hotly debated in policy circles, negative gearing remains a widely used tactic in Australian property investment, one which requires careful financial planning and the support of data.

 

O

Open Data

Open Data refers to publicly accessible information that can be freely used, shared and repurposed by anyone. It’s typically released by governments, institutions and public bodies to encourage transparency, collaboration and innovation across industries.

Open data sets are often machine-readable, non-proprietary and come without restrictive licences, making them a vital resource for research, technology development and data-driven decision-making.

Open data in real estate

In the property sector, open data includes a wide range of publicly available datasets such as:

  • Property sales records
  • Zoning and land use information
  • Planning schemes and overlays
  • Transport access and infrastructure maps
  • Demographics and population forecasts

These data points help individuals and businesses better understand market conditions, support comparative analysis, site selection, location insights, development potential or constraints and investment opportunities. Not to mention help fuel data-driven proptech solutions.

Data Army Intel and Open Data Delivery

We take Australia’s fragmented open data landscape and make it useful. By sourcing, processing and publishing high-quality open datasets on the Snowflake Marketplace, we give users immediate access to ready-to-use datasets in their own Snowflake instance.

This means individuals, startups, and businesses can access more data points, with less friction, for a more holistic and informed approach to real estate decisions.

P

Predictive Analytics

Predictive Analytics in real estate involves utilising historical data, machine learning and statistical models to forecast future outcomes such as property values, market demand, tenant behavior and maintenance needs. This approach allows stakeholders to make informed, data-driven decisions.

There are multiple approaches depending on the types of data available, the question being asked, the technique or models applied and the desired level of complexity or automation.

Within a machine-learning driven analytics pipeline, here is how a typical workflow could work:

  1. Data collection aggregates historical and real-time data from different sources.
  2. Data processing cleans and organises data, while feature engineering and selection identifes variables that influence outcomes.
  3. Model training and testing employs machine learning algorithms trained on past trends to recognise patterns in order to predict future behaviour.
  4. Prediction and forecasting generates outputs.
  5. Visualisation and integration presents results in different outputs for the user, such as a dashboard or alerts, for decision making.

Examples of real-world applications in real estate

These examples showcase how predictive analytics in real estate enables stakeholders to anticipate market shifts, optimise operations, and make strategic decisions with greater confidence.

Q

Quantity Surveying

Quantity Surveying as a profession offers many specialisations and includes many different titles in the building construction sector.

Their expertise extends to various sectors, including residential, commercial, industrial and civil infrastructure projects.

Quantity Surveyor

A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a construction cost specialist responsible for estimating, planning, and managing costs throughout the lifecycle of a building project. Their work ensures developments are financially viable, risks are minimised, and returns are maximised.

Quantity Surveyors are typically qualified professionals (often RICS-accredited in Australia) who work with developers, investors, builders, and property managers to:

  • Prepare detailed cost estimates and budgets
  • Monitor construction expenses and variations
  • Conduct feasibility studies and tender evaluations
  • Produce tax depreciation schedules for investment properties
  • Assist with contract administration and dispute resolution

Quantity Surveyors play a critical role in controlling project costs, supporting better budgeting, stronger financial outcomes and compliant property investments.

However, their role is evolving rapidly. The integration of AI and digital tools are transforming how cost consultants manage data, benchmark projects and mitigate risk. AI is enhancing traditional quantity surveying by automating routine tasks, improving data accuracy, and enabling more strategic, real-time decision-making. This shift highlighting the broader digital transformation of the built environment, evolving professional services and creating new opportunities.

R

Rezoning

Rezoning is the process of changing the designated land use of a property or area as defined by local planning authorities. This typically involves shifting a property’s classification to align with urban development plans, population growth or infrastructure upgrades. Some examples might include a shift from residential to mixed-use, industrial to commercial, or low-density to high-density residential.

How rezoning works

  • Local councils or planning authorities manage zoning schemes and may initiate or approve rezoning applications.
  • Property owners, developers or government bodies can apply for rezoning to allow for alternative or intensified land use.
  • Rezoning often requires public consultation, impact assessments and alignment with strategic planning goals.
  • Once approved, it may enable greater development potential, increase land value or enable previously restricted uses.

Understanding rezoning is vital for stakeholders in property development, urban planning, and real estate investment, as it directly influences land use possibilities and property valuations.

S

Strata Title

Strata Title is a form of property ownership commonly used for apartments, townhouses, and commercial complexes, where individuals own their unit (or “lot”) privately, while also sharing ownership of common property, such as hallways, gardens, pools, tennis courts, lifts and car parks.

Introduced in New South Wales, Australia in 1961, strata title quickly spread to other states and territories. It was designed to replace a range of apartment “ownership” schemes and make shared property ownership more practical and legally structured. While it is most associated with multi-unit buildings, it also applies to townhouse developments, where shared land or infrastructure—like access roads or landscaped areas—requires cooperative management.

 

How does strata work?

  • Each owner holds a title to their individual unit and is automatically a member of the owners’ corporation (or body corporate).
  • The owners’ corporation is responsible for managing and maintaining common areas, including budgeting, repairs, and insurance.
  • Owners contribute through strata levies (fees) and vote on matters affecting the building at annual general meetings (AGMs).
  • Strata schemes are governed by state-based legislation in Australia, such as the Strata Schemes Management Act in NSW.

Relevance of strata in real estate & proptech

  • As a growing market segment, strata-titled properties are increasingly common in high-density cities, making this form of ownership central to modern urban real estate.
  • PropTech platforms such as Urbanise, Bricks+Agent, StrataEze, and Stratafy offer digital tools for managing strata schemes and multi-residential communities. These platforms streamline communication, automate administrative tasks, and enhance transparency and engagement between strata managers, owners, and residents.
  • Strata data can be analysed to assess building performance, forecast costs and understand ownership trends which is useful for investors, developers, and policymakers.
  • PropTech can connect IoT-enabled systems (e.g., energy monitoring, access control) with strata management tools for smart building integrations to streamline operations and reduce costs.

T

Title Deed

A Title Deed (or Certificate of Title) is a legal document that serves as official proof of property ownership. It outlines who legally owns a piece of land or real estate, along with key details such as the property boundaries, any easements or restrictions, and any mortgages or liens registered against the property.

In Australia, most land titles are now recorded electronically under the Torrens Title System, but the term “title deed” is still widely used to describe this proof of ownership.

Read our blog 5 things a title search can tell you.

Why Title Deeds are important in real estate

They:

  • Provide proof of ownership
    The title deed is required when selling, transferring, or refinancing a property.
  • Are used in the due diligence process
    Buyers, investors, and lenders rely on the title deed to confirm ownership, boundaries, and any encumbrances before proceeding with a purchase.
  • Offer legal protection
    Establishes the legal rights of the owner and outlines any third-party interests (e.g. easements, rights of way).
  • Are used in inheritance & disputes
    Essential in resolving ownership claims, estate matters and property disputes.

Examples of title-related tools

U

Unimproved Value (UV)

Unimproved Value is the estimated value of land without any buildings, structures, or improvements on it.

It reflects the land’s raw market value, taking into account factors like location, size, zoning, and permitted use, but not any development that has occurred.

UV is commonly used by government authorities to calculate land tax and council rates. It provides a consistent baseline for taxation, regardless of how the land has been developed or improved over time.

Understanding UV is important for property investors and developers, as it can influence holding costs, site acquisition decisions, and tax planning.

V

Vacant Land

Vacant land refers to a parcel of real estate that has no buildings or significant improvements on it and is not currently in active use. It typically exists in a natural or undeveloped state and may include farmland, bushland or open lots within urban or peri-urban areas. Depending on zoning, vacant land can be held for future development, investment, agriculture, conservation or infrastructure projects.

In urban planning and development contexts, vacant land is often referred to as greenfield land, meaning land that has never been built on before. Greenfield land is usually located on the outer edges of cities and plays a critical role in expanding urban areas, increasing land supply and supporting new housing developments.

However, the release of greenfield land (that is, making it available for residential or commercial development) is typically subject to government planning strategies, environmental assessments and infrastructure coordination. If land release is delayed or limited, it can affect housing supply and affordability, especially in fast-growing regions.

In contrast, infill land refers to vacant or underused parcels located within already developed urban areas. Infill development focuses on repurposing land in established suburbs, such as disused industrial sites, vacant lots or car parks, to increase housing density without expanding the city footprint.

    W

    Weighted Average Lease Expiry (WALE)

    Weighted Average Lease Expiry (WALE) is a metric in commercial real estate which offers insights into the average remaining lease term across a property or portfolio. Measured in years, WALE measures a property portfolio’s risk of going vacant. It serves as a barometer for income stability and investment risk, guiding decisions for investors, property managers, and financiers.

    What Is WALE?

    Measured in years, WALE measures the average duration that all leases in a property will expire, weighted by either:

    • Rental income: Emphasising tenants contributing more to the property’s revenue.
    • Leasable area: Focusing on the proportion of space each tenant occupies.

    Source: REITSWEEK

    The formula is:

    WALE = (Sum of [Remaining Lease Term × Weight]) / Total Weight

    Where “Weight” is either the tenant’s rental income or occupied area.

    Here is an example of a calculation provided by Re-Leased using the annual rental income for each lease as the weight.

    Strategic insights

    This key metric can provide important insights for owners and investors:

    • Long WALE (5+ years): Indicates that income from the property are secure well into the future. This represents a lower vacancy risk, but the property may not be able to negotiate rent increases as readily as it can with smaller tenants. Longer leases are often associated with anchor tenants, multinational corporations or government leases.
    • Short WALE (<3 years): Indicates a greater rollover of leases in the short term, where leases expire and tenants make decisions about whether to stay or move. This may offer opportunities for rent renegotiation, lease resets or property upgrades, but comes with higher turnover risk.

    These are important considerations depending on your investment objectives.

    Source: RealCommercial.com.au and REITSWEEK

    In other markets

    WALE is commonly used in the Asia Pacific region.

    In the US, this metric is called the Weighted Average Lease Term (WALT).

    In Europe and the UK, this metric is referred to as WAULT (Weighted Average Unexpired Lease Term). The important distinction here is that WAULT explicitly focuses on the “unexpired” portion of leases.

    However, in practice, they are calculated the same way.

    Source: A.CRE

      X

      REAXML – Real Estate XML Data Format

      REAXML is a machine-readable XML schema designed specifically for the real estate industry by realestate.com.au. It standardises how property data is structured and exchanged between different digital systems.

      It is widely used to move property data between:

      Unlike simple data exports, REAXML defines both what fields exist (such as price, address, listing type) and how that data must be structured to ensure compatibility across platforms.

      By enabling smooth data exchange across systems, REAXML supports greater automation, data consistency and efficiency in real estate workflows.

        Y

        Yield Compression

        Yield Compression occurs when property prices rise faster than rental income, leading to a lower rental yield (i.e. return on investment). It reflects a shift in the balance between asset value and income return, and often signals strong demand, lower perceived risk or market speculation.

        The formula

        Yield = (Annual Rental Income ÷ Property Value) × 100
        If the property value increases while rental income remains flat or grows more slowly, the yield compresses.

        How does yield compression happen?

        As demand for property grows, especially in competitive or low-interest environments, buyers are often willing to pay more for the same rental income.

        This pushes capital values up, but since rents don’t always rise at the same pace, yields are squeezed downward.

        Yield compression is most common in hot markets, especially in commercial real estate and prime residential locations.

        Real-world example

        In Sydney and Melbourne, post-pandemic demand saw commercial and residential asset prices surge, while rental growth lagged. This led to significant yield compression, especially in the industrial and logistics sector.

        Why yield compression is important

        In short, yield compression reflects how competitive and capital-driven a market is becoming. It can also reflect broader economic trends, investor sentiment and market risk.

        For investors and analysts, tracking yield compression is essential to understanding market dynamics, risk appetite, and knowing when or where to invest next.

          Z

          Zoning Laws

          Zoning is a legal framework that governs how land can be used and what type of development is permitted.

          What are zoning laws?

          Zoning laws establish a legal framework that governs land use and development. They are typically set out by state and territory governments and applied by local councils through planning schemes.

          These schemes outline various zones and the regulations associated with each, including permitted land uses, building heights, densities, and other development controls. For instance, a residential zone may restrict commercial activities to maintain the area’s residential character.

          Zoning laws are integral to development feasibility and planning analysis. Modern PropTech platforms integrate zoning data to streamline decision-making processes for developers, investors, and urban planners.

          Tools like Archistar, Nearmap, and government GIS portals integrate zoning overlays into site analysis tools.

          Zoning data is used in everything from automated planning assessments to risk analysis and investment modelling.

          Key applications include:

          1. To assess site development feasibility, evaluating factors such as permitted uses, floor space ratios, and maximum building heights to determine a site’s suitability for development
          2. Perform site analysis by utilising high-resolution aerial imagery combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to overlay zoning maps and other data layers. This integration enables comprehensive analyses that consider multiple factors impacting a site or market.
          3. Assess risk or potential constraints associated with a site to aide decisions. Examples such as overlaying zoning data with environmental and heritage overlays can.

          Read our blog for an example of how zoning defines what can be built on a property: Why Can’t I Build A Castle on Castle Street in Castle Hill?

          See Rezoning.

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